全国硕士研究生入学统一考试---英语2005年试题及解析

2005年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及答案

Section I Use of English

Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, (1) ____ this is largely because, (2) ____ animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are (3) ____ to perceiving those smells which float through the air, (4) ____ the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact, (5) ____, we are extremely sensitive to smells, (6) ____ we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of (7) ____ human smells even when these are (8) ____ to far below one part in one million.
Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, (9) ____ others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate (10) ____ smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send (11) ____ to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell (12) ____ can suddenly become sensitive to it when (13) ____ to it often enough.
The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that the brain finds it (14) ____ to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can (15) ____ new receptors if necessary. This may (16) ____ explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells —— we simply do not need to be. We are not (17) ____ of the usual smell of our own house, but we (18) ____ new smells when we visit someone else’s. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors (19) ____ for unfamiliar and emergency signals (20) ____ the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.



1. [A] although
[B] as
[C] but
[D] while


2. [A] above
[B] unlike
[C] excluding
[D] besides


3. [A] limited
[B] committed
[C] dedicated
[D] confined


4. [A] catching
[B] ignoring
[C] missing
[D] tracking


5. [A] anyway
[B] though
[C] instead
[D] therefore


6. [A] even if
[B] if only
[C] only if
[D] as if


7. [A] distinguishing
[B] discovering
[C] determining
[D] detecting


8. [A] diluted
[B] dissolved
[C] dispersed
[D] diffused


9. [A] when
[B] since
[C] for
[D] whereas


10. [A] unusual
[B] particular
[C] unique
[D] typical


11. [A] signs
[B] stimuli
[C] messages
[D] impulses


12. [A] at first
[B] at all
[C] at large
[D] at times


13. [A] subjected
[B] left
[C] drawn
[D] exposed


14. [A] ineffective
[B] incompetent
[C] inefficient
[D] insufficient


15. [A] introduce
[B] summon
[C] trigger
[D] create


16. [A] still
[B] also
[C] otherwise
[D] nevertheless


17. [A] sure
[B] sick
[C] aware
[D] tired


18. [A] tolerate
[B] repel
[C] neglect
[D] notice


19. [A] available
[B] reliable
[C] identifiable
[D] suitable


20. [A] similar to
[B] such as
[C] along with
[D] aside from




Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
www.summermaster.net


Text 1

Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as ‘all too human”, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.
The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food readily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males.
Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan’s and Dr. de Waal’s study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.
In the world of capuchins, grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment in a f